Artificial Respiration and Heart Massage
Artificial Respiration and Heart Massage
Artificial respiration is the emergency procedure used to assist air exchange in
an unconscious dog. Heart massage (chest compressions) is used when no
heartbeat can be felt or heard. When chest compressions are combined with
artificial respiration, it is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Because cessation of breathing is soon followed by heart stoppage and vice
versa, CPR is required in most life-threatening situations.
While CPR can be performed by one person, it is easier and more often
successful when done by two. One person does the artificial respiration while
the other does the chest compressions.
To determine which basic life-support technique will be required in an
unconscious dog, see the chart on the next page. The following emergencies
may require artificial respiration or CPR:
• Shock
• Poisoning
• Prolonged seizure
• Coma
• Head injury
• Electric shock
• Obstructed airway (choking)
• Sudden cessation of heart activity and breathing
EMERGENCIES • 7
Artificial Respiration or CPR?
Is the dog breathing? Observe the rise and fall of the chest. Feel for air against your
cheek.
If YES, pull out the tongue and clear the airway. Observe.
If NO, feel for a pulse.
Does the dog have a pulse? Feel for the femoral artery located on the inside of the
mid-thigh.
If YES, start artificial respiration.
If NO, start CPR.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Lay the dog on a flat surface with his right side down. Open his mouth and pull
his tongue forward as far as you can. Clear any secretions with a cloth or handkerchief. Check for a foreign body. If present, remove it if possible. If it is impossible to dislodge, perform the Heimlich Maneuver, described on page 316.
For puppies and small dogs under 30 pounds (13.6 kg)
1. Pull the tongue forward so it is even with the canine teeth. Close the
dog’s mouth.
2. Place your mouth over the dog’s nose. Blow gently into the dog’s nostrils. The chest will expand.
3. Release your mouth to let the air return. Excess air will escape through
the dog’s lips, preventing overinflation of the lungs and overdistension
of the stomach.
4. If the chest does not rise and fall, blow more forcefully or seal the lips.
5. Continue at a rate of 20 to 30 breaths per minute (one breath every two
to three seconds).
6. Continue until the dog breathes on his own, or as long as the heart
beats.
For medium and large dogs
1. Proceed as for small dogs, but seal the lips by placing a hand around the
dog’s muzzle to prevent the escape of air.
2. If the chest does not rise and fall, blow more forcefully.
3. The breathing rate is 20 breaths per minute (one breath every three
seconds).
8 • DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK
CPR
CRP is a combination of artificial respiration and heart massage. If a dog
needs heart massage, he also needs artificial respiration. On the other hand, if
the dog resists your attempts to perform CPR, he probably does not need it!
For puppies and small dogs under 30 pounds (13.6 kg)
1. Place the dog on a flat surface, right side down.
2. Place your cupped hands on either side of the rib cage over the heart,
immediately behind the point of the elbow. (For puppies, use your
thumb on one side of the chest and the rest of your fingers on the other.)
3. Compress the chest 1 inch to 11⁄2 inches (2.5 to 4 cm—that should be onequarter to one-third the width of the chest). Squeeze for a count of 1, then
release for a count of 1. Continue at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
4. With one-person CPR, administer a breath after every five compressions. With two-person CPR, administer a breath after every two to
three compressions.
EMERGENCIES • 9
To begin CPR, open the
dog’s mouth and pull his
tongue forword as far as
you can. Check for a foreign body.
Feel for the femoral pulse
in the mid-thigh to determine if the dog has a
heartbeat.
10 • DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK
Chest compressions on a
small dog. Note the
placement of the hands
on either side of the
chest. The compression
rate is 100 per minute.
Two-person CPR on a
large dog. Note the placement of the hands for
chest compressions. The
compression rate is 80
per minute.
For artificial respiration,
blow gently into the dog’s
nose every two to three
seconds.
For medium and large dogs
1. Place the dog on a flat surface, right side down. Position yourself behind
the dog’s back.
2. Place the heel of one hand over the widest portion of the rib cage, not
over the heart. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first.
3. Keep both elbows straight and push down firmly on the rib cage.
Compress the chest one-quarter to one-third of its width. Compress for
a count of 1, then release for a count of 1. Continue at a rate of 80 compressions per minute.
4. With one-person CPR, administer a breath after every five compressions. With two-person CPR, administer a breath after every two to
three compressions.
Continue CPR until the dog breathes on his own and has a steady pulse. If
vital signs do not return after 10 minutes of CPR, the likelihood of success is
remote. Consider stopping CPR.
Note that CPR has the potential to cause complications, including broken
ribs and pneumothorax. Also, never practice artificial respiration or heart massage on a healthy dog; you can seriously injure the dog.
Artificial respiration is the emergency procedure used to assist air exchange in
an unconscious dog. Heart massage (chest compressions) is used when no
heartbeat can be felt or heard. When chest compressions are combined with
artificial respiration, it is called cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Because cessation of breathing is soon followed by heart stoppage and vice
versa, CPR is required in most life-threatening situations.
While CPR can be performed by one person, it is easier and more often
successful when done by two. One person does the artificial respiration while
the other does the chest compressions.
To determine which basic life-support technique will be required in an
unconscious dog, see the chart on the next page. The following emergencies
may require artificial respiration or CPR:
• Shock
• Poisoning
• Prolonged seizure
• Coma
• Head injury
• Electric shock
• Obstructed airway (choking)
• Sudden cessation of heart activity and breathing
EMERGENCIES • 7
Artificial Respiration or CPR?
Is the dog breathing? Observe the rise and fall of the chest. Feel for air against your
cheek.
If YES, pull out the tongue and clear the airway. Observe.
If NO, feel for a pulse.
Does the dog have a pulse? Feel for the femoral artery located on the inside of the
mid-thigh.
If YES, start artificial respiration.
If NO, start CPR.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Lay the dog on a flat surface with his right side down. Open his mouth and pull
his tongue forward as far as you can. Clear any secretions with a cloth or handkerchief. Check for a foreign body. If present, remove it if possible. If it is impossible to dislodge, perform the Heimlich Maneuver, described on page 316.
For puppies and small dogs under 30 pounds (13.6 kg)
1. Pull the tongue forward so it is even with the canine teeth. Close the
dog’s mouth.
2. Place your mouth over the dog’s nose. Blow gently into the dog’s nostrils. The chest will expand.
3. Release your mouth to let the air return. Excess air will escape through
the dog’s lips, preventing overinflation of the lungs and overdistension
of the stomach.
4. If the chest does not rise and fall, blow more forcefully or seal the lips.
5. Continue at a rate of 20 to 30 breaths per minute (one breath every two
to three seconds).
6. Continue until the dog breathes on his own, or as long as the heart
beats.
For medium and large dogs
1. Proceed as for small dogs, but seal the lips by placing a hand around the
dog’s muzzle to prevent the escape of air.
2. If the chest does not rise and fall, blow more forcefully.
3. The breathing rate is 20 breaths per minute (one breath every three
seconds).
8 • DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK
CPR
CRP is a combination of artificial respiration and heart massage. If a dog
needs heart massage, he also needs artificial respiration. On the other hand, if
the dog resists your attempts to perform CPR, he probably does not need it!
For puppies and small dogs under 30 pounds (13.6 kg)
1. Place the dog on a flat surface, right side down.
2. Place your cupped hands on either side of the rib cage over the heart,
immediately behind the point of the elbow. (For puppies, use your
thumb on one side of the chest and the rest of your fingers on the other.)
3. Compress the chest 1 inch to 11⁄2 inches (2.5 to 4 cm—that should be onequarter to one-third the width of the chest). Squeeze for a count of 1, then
release for a count of 1. Continue at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
4. With one-person CPR, administer a breath after every five compressions. With two-person CPR, administer a breath after every two to
three compressions.
EMERGENCIES • 9
To begin CPR, open the
dog’s mouth and pull his
tongue forword as far as
you can. Check for a foreign body.
Feel for the femoral pulse
in the mid-thigh to determine if the dog has a
heartbeat.
10 • DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK
Chest compressions on a
small dog. Note the
placement of the hands
on either side of the
chest. The compression
rate is 100 per minute.
Two-person CPR on a
large dog. Note the placement of the hands for
chest compressions. The
compression rate is 80
per minute.
For artificial respiration,
blow gently into the dog’s
nose every two to three
seconds.
For medium and large dogs
1. Place the dog on a flat surface, right side down. Position yourself behind
the dog’s back.
2. Place the heel of one hand over the widest portion of the rib cage, not
over the heart. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first.
3. Keep both elbows straight and push down firmly on the rib cage.
Compress the chest one-quarter to one-third of its width. Compress for
a count of 1, then release for a count of 1. Continue at a rate of 80 compressions per minute.
4. With one-person CPR, administer a breath after every five compressions. With two-person CPR, administer a breath after every two to
three compressions.
Continue CPR until the dog breathes on his own and has a steady pulse. If
vital signs do not return after 10 minutes of CPR, the likelihood of success is
remote. Consider stopping CPR.
Note that CPR has the potential to cause complications, including broken
ribs and pneumothorax. Also, never practice artificial respiration or heart massage on a healthy dog; you can seriously injure the dog.
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